PV educator

The perturb and observe MPPT can track the power fast if the step increment (Delta V in Fig. 1) in the operating point is increased. Although, it will enhance the dynamic response of the MPPT but it will also increase the power oscillations around the MPP. To solve this issue of power oscillations, the step size in each perturbation can be reduced at the cost of slow tracking speed. Therefore the choice of perturbation size needs proper optimization.

For a flyback inverter one of the design task is to keep the leakage inductance as low as possible. While there are limitations when it comes to the reduction of leakage inductance there exist methods to solve this issue. It must be kept in mind that the low leakage inductance is very much essential for efficient energy transfer to the output. Let us see how experts solve this issue.

Consider Fig. 1 below to understand the topic. When the primary switch S_m is turned on, no current flows to the grid because of the direction of the diodes on secondary side.

A well explained answer is given in the reference below. Quoted as it is from the text.

The Multijunction Solar Cell is indeed not a new technology. Earlier it was mostly used to power up satellites as they provides comparatively high efficiency than other kinds of solar cell. With the current technology advancement and more are in development, Multijunction solar cell are emerging for commercial use.

Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) is widely used in flyback inverter. The advantages and disadvantages of using DCM are given below.

To fathom these energy-mix bar charts shared on the web (predicting contradicting figures, defying logic, and no circumstantial evidence) is prodigal. This article is written for plain people of Pakistan. A normal citizen demands uninterrupted electricity with no cuts. That is it.

For now, we have seen that the futile scheme to repudiate Circular Debt and improve energy deficiency seems to have failed. So Renewable energy is a hard nut to crack, I digress, we have got to give it a try. The renewable energy role in energy mix is under one per cent. To be precise, present RE mix of Pakistan is 0.7 per cent and the Government has set a target to raise RE contribution in energy mix by additional 0.5 per cent every following year. This means by the year 2025, it should be somewhere around 10 per cent. Whereas, it should be around 20 per cent now in any developed country as per the international trends.

Microinverters for single phase grid connections have an inherited issue which is commonly known as double line frequency problem. The problem is about the power pulsations of the AC grid which is double the line frequency. This power is time varying in nature while the power output from the PV module is constant (MPPT is used ). This is shown in Fig.1. This means that there must be some storage device for balance of power. This storage device is often called as decoupling capacitor.

Flyback inverter is a device that converters the DC into AC with the use of flyback transformer. For this inverter topology no dc-dc converter is required as the dc voltage is not related to the operation.  It is simple, has less component count hence reduced cost and has advantage of isolation through transformer[4]. Let's see how it works.

Recently i was reading  a paper entitled "Weighted efficiency oriented design methodology of flyback inverter for AC photo-voltaic modules". The word weighted efficiency was new for me so i searched about it. Here is what i found about it

The question is what scheme of conduction to be used for PV grid tied flyback inverter. Either the Discontinous Conduction Mode (DCM) or the Boundary Conduction Mode (BCM). So here is the literature review for this question.

Difference between BCM and DCM

The difference between DCM and BCM is shown in the figure above. Now that it is clear that DCM has dead bands in it while BCM operates at the boundary of CCM lets have evaluation of these conduction modes.

Ok, so the problem is that PSim trail version does not allow you to have more than 1 input and 1 output while yuou perform a co simulation with simulink. The problem is enhaced further by the fact that only 6000 data points can be stored with the trial version. Here is the solution

OptiMOS MOSFET is Infineon's latest generation N-channel power MOSFETs in 200V and 250V that is optimized specially for dc-dc conversion. It is trademark registered by Infineon N-Channel Power MOSFETs that are class leading power MOSFETs for highest power density and energy efficient solutions. Ultra low gate and output charges together with lowest on state resistance in small footprint packages. They have superior reverse recovery behaviour due to body diode with low Q_RR

I was working on a figure and when i copied the figure from MATLAB and pasted in the visio by using CTRL C+ CTRL V the result was a faded figure. The solution is that save the figure as a jpg or png and then insert it into visio using INSERT > PICTURE> From file.