PV educator

It happens many times, while performing an experiment the IC output is not correct. So how to troubleshoot a problem. In my experience i perform the following steps while hunting for the troubled area of my circuit layout. Consider the case of optocoupler 6N137. Somehow the output was a continuous straight line at biasing voltage level when given a 100kHz signal. Here is how i solved the issue.

A Solar Cell is a Solar Device that receives sunlight and converts it into electricity.

Simple in its constitution., it was in the 50s developed at Bell Labs, and the first Solar Cell came out with an astonishing efficiency of 6%. At that time people anticipated to harness this energy as a source where they sought Solar homes. However, it could not be drastically adopted due to cost issues and until 70s energy crises they remained out of focus. It is clearly the early versions of Solar Cells that the mono-crystalline Solar Cell were used for off-grid/remote applications where price per Watt could be anything due to no cheap alternative to electricity. Mainly, the crystalline covered the first generation. Thick wafers in the beginning. The variation in first generation which is understood as a bulk semiconductor that's sliced into a thin sheet that can then be converted into a Solar harvesting device. With less contender technologies, the first generation technology not only embodies a lot of energy, they are expensive to make. You have to heat up semiconductors with high melting point, some refining etc. etc. So much so, you can not scale up to realize multi- Giga Watt scale.

Solar energy is available to us in three forms:

1. Solar Fuel,
2. Solar Electric,
3. Solar Thermal.

Photovoltaics, or Solar Electric, were described very early and Albert Einstein actually for the Nobel Prize in 1921 for a detailed explanation of the Photoelectric effect that Hertz observed in 1887. The Photovoltaic effect as we know it where, potential develops when we shine light on an object, was actually described first by a French physicist called Becquerel as early as 1839.

Problem

While doing co simulation the results on simview stopped showing.

Solution:

Go to PSIM and double click on simulation control circle. You can also access the simulation control by clicking on simulate > simulation control.

Un-check the free run box.

Take I_m as the maximum value:

In AC motors, the rotor receives electrical power by Induction exactly the same way as the secondary of a two winding transformer receives its power from the primary. That's why such motors are known as Induction motors.

In fact, an induction motor can be treated as a rotating transformer i.e. one in which primary winding is stationary but secondary is free to rotate. Of all AC motors the poly-phase Induction motor is the one which is extensively used for various kinds of industrial drives.